ANTI-DIARRHOEAL AND TOXICOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF STEM BARK EXTRACT OF Khaya senegalensis

Abstract

ABSTRACT The anti-diarrrhoeal activity of the stem bark extract and fractions of Khaya senegalensis was evaluated in castor oil induced diarrhoea and gastrointestinal transit model in rats. The crude methanol extract was partitioned using hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate and saturated butanol but hexane and chloroform did not yield any fractions. The fractions were also screened for anti-diarrhoeal properties. The methanol extract, ethylacetate and saturated butanol fractions were screened for anti-bacterial activity against Salmonella spp, Esherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using agar diffusion bioassay. The precipitation rate of the total tannins in crude methanol extract and saturated butanol fraction were also evaluated. The effect of the fractions on biochemical indices of the liver, kidney, haematological parameters and histopathological studies were carried out. The phytochemical constituents detected were steroids, tannins, alkaloids, saponins, volatile oils, glycosides, saponin glycosides, anthraquinones, balsams and cardiac glycosides. Protein precipitation rate on the crude methanol extract and saturated butanol fraction were found to increase as the concentration of the tannins increases. The medium lethal dose (LD50) of the crude extract was greater than 5000mg/kg (LD50 >5000mg/kg) and no adverse effects were observed. Sub-chronic administration of the methanol extract at 25-150mg/kg had no effect on the body weight of the rats but there was significant (p<0.05) difference in the organ body weight ratio and organ body index. There was no significant (p>0.05) difference in the effect of ethylacetate and saturated butanol fractions on most of the liver and renal function indices. Non significant (p>0.05) differences of the fractions were also observed for haematological parameters. Histopathological studies indicated that the liver architecture, kuffer cells and bile duct were preserved. The crude methanol extract, ethylacetate and saturated butanol fractions at doses of 25-150 mg/kg significantly (p<0.05) reduced the diarrhoea droppings and also showed a significant (p<0.05) reduction in gastrointestinal motility on charcoal meal test in rats. The crude methanol extract, ethylacetate and saturated butanol fractions also indicated significant (p<0.05) anti-bacterial activity at 25-150 mg/kg. This result suggests that the stem bark extract of Khaya Senegalensis is relatively safe and could be used in the management of diarrhoea. ABSTRACT The anti-diarrrhoeal activity of the stem bark extract and fractions of Khaya senegalensis was evaluated in castor oil induced diarrhoea and gastrointestinal transit model in rats. The crude methanol extract was partitioned using hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate and saturated butanol but hexane and chloroform did not yield any fractions. The fractions were also screened for anti-diarrhoeal properties. The methanol extract, ethylacetate and saturated butanol fractions were screened for anti-bacterial activity against Salmonella spp, Esherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using agar diffusion bioassay. The precipitation rate of the total tannins in crude methanol extract and saturated butanol fraction were also evaluated. The effect of the fractions on biochemical indices of the liver, kidney, haematological parameters and histopathological studies were carried out. The phytochemical constituents detected were steroids, tannins, alkaloids, saponins, volatile oils, glycosides, saponin glycosides, anthraquinones, balsams and cardiac glycosides. Protein precipitation rate on the crude methanol extract and saturated butanol fraction were found to increase as the concentration of the tannins increases. The medium lethal dose (LD50) of the crude extract was greater than 5000mg/kg (LD50 >5000mg/kg) and no adverse effects were observed. Sub-chronic administration of the methanol extract at 25-150mg/kg had no effect on the body weight of the rats but there was significant (p<0.05) difference in the organ body weight ratio and organ body index. There was no significant (p>0.05) difference in the effect of ethylacetate and saturated butanol fractions on most of the liver and renal function indices. Non significant (p>0.05) differences of the fractions were also observed for haematological parameters. Histopathological studies indicated that the liver architecture, kuffer cells and bile duct were preserved. The crude methanol extract, ethylacetate and saturated butanol fractions at doses of 25-150 mg/kg significantly (p<0.05) reduced the diarrhoea droppings and also showed a significant (p<0.05) reduction in gastrointestinal motility on charcoal meal test in rats. The crude methanol extract, ethylacetate and saturated butanol fractions also indicated significant (p<0.05) anti-bacterial activity at 25-150 mg/kg. This result suggests that the stem bark extract of Khaya Senegalensis is relatively safe and could be used in the management of diarrhoea. ABSTRACT The anti-diarrrhoeal activity of the stem bark extract and fractions of Khaya senegalensis was evaluated in castor oil induced diarrhoea and gastrointestinal transit model in rats. The crude methanol extract was partitioned using hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate and saturated butanol but hexane and chloroform did not yield any fractions. The fractions were also screened for anti-diarrhoeal properties. The methanol extract, ethylacetate and saturated butanol fractions were screened for anti-bacterial activity against Salmonella spp, Esherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using agar diffusion bioassay. The precipitation rate of the total tannins in crude methanol extract and saturated butanol fraction were also evaluated. The effect of the fractions on biochemical indices of the liver, kidney, haematological parameters and histopathological studies were carried out. The phytochemical constituents detected were steroids, tannins, alkaloids, saponins, volatile oils, glycosides, saponin glycosides, anthraquinones, balsams and cardiac glycosides. Protein precipitation rate on the crude methanol extract and saturated butanol fraction were found to increase as the concentration of the tannins increases. The medium lethal dose (LD50) of the crude extract was greater than 5000mg/kg (LD50 >5000mg/kg) and no adverse effects were observed. Sub-chronic administration of the methanol extract at 25-150mg/kg had no effect on the body weight of the rats but there was significant (p<0.05) difference in the organ body weight ratio and organ body index. There was no significant (p>0.05) difference in the effect of ethylacetate and saturated butanol fractions on most of the liver and renal function indices. Non significant (p>0.05) differences of the fractions were also observed for haematological parameters. Histopathological studies indicated that the liver architecture, kuffer cells and bile duct were preserved. The crude methanol extract, ethylacetate and saturated butanol fractions at doses of 25-150 mg/kg significantly (p<0.05) reduced the diarrhoea droppings and also showed a significant (p<0.05) reduction in gastrointestinal motility on charcoal meal test in rats. The crude methanol extract, ethylacetate and saturated butanol fractions also indicated significant (p<0.05) anti-bacterial activity at 25-150 mg/kg. This result suggests that the stem bark extract of Khaya Senegalensis is relatively safe and could be used in the management of diarrhoea. ABSTRACT The anti-diarrrhoeal activity of the stem bark extract and fractions of Khaya senegalensis was evaluated in castor oil induced diarrhoea and gastrointestinal transit model in rats. The crude methanol extract was partitioned using hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate and saturated butanol but hexane and chloroform did not yield any fractions. The fractions were also screened for anti-diarrhoeal properties. The methanol extract, ethylacetate and saturated butanol fractions were screened for anti-bacterial activity against Salmonella spp, Esherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using agar diffusion bioassay. The precipitation rate of the total tannins in crude methanol extract and saturated butanol fraction were also evaluated. The effect of the fractions on biochemical indices of the liver, kidney, haematological parameters and histopathological studies were carried out. The phytochemical constituents detected were steroids, tannins, alkaloids, saponins, volatile oils, glycosides, saponin glycosides, anthraquinones, balsams and cardiac glycosides. Protein precipitation rate on the crude methanol extract and saturated butanol fraction were found to increase as the concentration of the tannins increases. The medium lethal dose (LD50) of the crude extract was greater than 5000mg/kg (LD50 >5000mg/kg) and no adverse effects were observed. Sub-chronic administration of the methanol extract at 25-150mg/kg had no effect on the body weight of the rats but there was significant (p<0.05) difference in the organ body weight ratio and organ body index. There was no significant (p>0.05) difference in the effect of ethylacetate and saturated butanol fractions on most of the liver and renal function indices. Non significant (p>0.05) differences of the fractions were also observed for haematological parameters. Histopathological studies indicated that the liver architecture, kuffer cells and bile duct were preserved. The crude methanol extract, ethylacetate and saturated butanol fractions at doses of 25-150 mg/kg significantly (p<0.05) reduced the diarrhoea droppings and also showed a significant (p<0.05) reduction in gastrointestinal motility on charcoal meal test in rats. The crude methanol extract, ethylacetate and saturated butanol fractions also indicated significant (p<0.05) anti-bacterial activity at 25-150 mg/kg. This result suggests that the stem bark extract of Khaya Senegalensis is relatively safe and could be used in the management of diarrhoea. ABSTRACT The anti-diarrrhoeal activity of the stem bark extract and fractions of Khaya senegalensis was evaluated in castor oil induced diarrhoea and gastrointestinal transit model in rats. The crude methanol extract was partitioned using hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate and saturated butanol but hexane and chloroform did not yield any fractions. The fractions were also screened for anti-diarrhoeal properties. The methanol extract, ethylacetate and saturated butanol fractions were screened for anti-bacterial activity against Salmonella spp, Esherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using agar diffusion bioassay. The precipitation rate of the total tannins in crude methanol extract and saturated butanol fraction were also evaluated. The effect of the fractions on biochemical indices of the liver, kidney, haematological parameters and histopathological studies were carried out. The phytochemical constituents detected were steroids, tannins, alkaloids, saponins, volatile oils, glycosides, saponin glycosides, anthraquinones, balsams and cardiac glycosides. Protein precipitation rate on the crude methanol extract and saturated butanol fraction were found to increase as the concentration of the tannins increases. The medium lethal dose (LD50) of the crude extract was greater than 5000mg/kg (LD50 >5000mg/kg) and no adverse effects were observed. Sub-chronic administration of the methanol extract at 25-150mg/kg had no effect on the body weight of the rats but there was significant (p<0.05) difference in the organ body weight ratio and organ body index. There was no significant (p>0.05) difference in the effect of ethylacetate and saturated butanol fractions on most of the liver and renal function indices. Non significant (p>0.05) differences of the fractions were also observed for haematological parameters. Histopathological studies indicated that the liver architecture, kuffer cells and bile duct were preserved. The crude methanol extract, ethylacetate and saturated butanol fractions at doses of 25-150 mg/kg significantly (p<0.05) reduced the diarrhoea droppings and also showed a significant (p<0.05) reduction in gastrointestinal motility on charcoal meal test in rats. The crude methanol extract, ethylacetate and saturated butanol fractions also indicated significant (p<0.05) anti-bacterial activity at 25-150 mg/kg. This result suggests that the stem bark extract of Khaya Senegalensis is relatively safe and could be used in the management of diarrhoea. ABSTRACT The anti-diarrrhoeal activity of the stem bark extract and fractions of Khaya senegalensis was evaluated in castor oil induced diarrhoea and gastrointestinal transit model in rats. The crude methanol extract was partitioned using hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate and saturated butanol but hexane and chloroform did not yield any fractions. The fractions were also screened for anti-diarrhoeal properties. The methanol extract, ethylacetate and saturated butanol fractions were screened for anti-bacterial activity against Salmonella spp, Esherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using agar diffusion bioassay. The precipitation rate of the total tannins in crude methanol extract and saturated butanol fraction were also evaluated. The effect of the fractions on biochemical indices of the liver, kidney, haematological parameters and histopathological studies were carried out. The phytochemical constituents detected were steroids, tannins, alkaloids, saponins, volatile oils, glycosides, saponin glycosides, anthraquinones, balsams and cardiac glycosides. Protein precipitation rate on the crude methanol extract and saturated butanol fraction were found to increase as the concentration of the tannins increases. The medium lethal dose (LD50) of the crude extract was greater than 5000mg/kg (LD50 >5000mg/kg) and no adverse effects were observed. Sub-chronic administration of the methanol extract at 25-150mg/kg had no effect on the body weight of the rats but there was significant (p<0.05) difference in the organ body weight ratio and organ body index. There was no significant (p>0.05) difference in the effect of ethylacetate and saturated butanol fractions on most of the liver and renal function indices. Non significant (p>0.05) differences of the fractions were also observed for haematological parameters. Histopathological studies indicated that the liver architecture, kuffer cells and bile duct were preserved. The crude methanol extract, ethylacetate and saturated butanol fractions at doses of 25-150 mg/kg significantly (p<0.05) reduced the diarrhoea droppings and also showed a significant (p<0.05) reduction in gastrointestinal motility on charcoal meal test in rats. The crude methanol extract, ethylacetate and saturated butanol fractions also indicated significant (p<0.05) anti-bacterial activity at 25-150 mg/kg. This result suggests that the stem bark extract of Khaya Senegalensis is relatively safe and could be used in the management of diarrhoea. ABSTRACT The anti-diarrrhoeal activity of the stem bark extract and fractions of Khaya senegalensis was evaluated in castor oil induced diarrhoea and gastrointestinal transit model in rats. The crude methanol extract was partitioned using hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate and saturated butanol but hexane and chloroform did not yield any fractions. The fractions were also screened for anti-diarrhoeal properties. The methanol extract, ethylacetate and saturated butanol fractions were screened for anti-bacterial activity against Salmonella spp, Esherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using agar diffusion bioassay. The precipitation rate of the total tannins in crude methanol extract and saturated butanol fraction were also evaluated. The effect of the fractions on biochemical indices of the liver, kidney, haematological parameters and histopathological studies were carried out. The phytochemical constituents detected were steroids, tannins, alkaloids, saponins, volatile oils, glycosides, saponin glycosides, anthraquinones, balsams and cardiac glycosides. Protein precipitation rate on the crude methanol extract and saturated butanol fraction were found to increase as the concentration of the tannins increases. The medium lethal dose (LD50) of the crude extract was greater than 5000mg/kg (LD50 >5000mg/kg) and no adverse effects were observed. Sub-chronic administration of the methanol extract at 25-150mg/kg had no effect on the body weight of the rats but there was significant (p<0.05) difference in the organ body weight ratio and organ body index. There was no significant (p>0.05) difference in the effect of ethylacetate and saturated butanol fractions on most of the liver and renal function indices. Non significant (p>0.05) differences of the fractions were also observed for haematological parameters. Histopathological studies indicated that the liver architecture, kuffer cells and bile duct were preserved. The crude methanol extract, ethylacetate and saturated butanol fractions at doses of 25-150 mg/kg significantly (p<0.05) reduced the diarrhoea droppings and also showed a significant (p<0.05) reduction in gastrointestinal motility on charcoal meal test in rats. The crude methanol extract, ethylacetate and saturated butanol fractions also indicated significant (p<0.05) anti-bacterial activity at 25-150 mg/kg. This result suggests that the stem bark extract of Khaya Senegalensis is relatively safe and could be used in the management of diarrhoea. ABSTRACT The anti-diarrrhoeal activity of the stem bark extract and fractions of Khaya senegalensis was evaluated in castor oil induced diarrhoea and gastrointestinal transit model in rats. The crude methanol extract was partitioned using hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate and saturated butanol but hexane and chloroform did not yield any fractions. The fractions were also screened for anti-diarrhoeal properties. The methanol extract, ethylacetate and saturated butanol fractions were screened for anti-bacterial activity against Salmonella spp, Esherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using agar diffusion bioassay. The precipitation rate of the total tannins in crude methanol extract and saturated butanol fraction were also evaluated. The effect of the fractions on biochemical indices of the liver, kidney, haematological parameters and histopathological studies were carried out. The phytochemical constituents detected were steroids, tannins, alkaloids, saponins, volatile oils, glycosides, saponin glycosides, anthraquinones, balsams and cardiac glycosides. Protein precipitation rate on the crude methanol extract and saturated butanol fraction were found to increase as the concentration of the tannins increases. The medium lethal dose (LD50) of the crude extract was greater than 5000mg/kg (LD50 >5000mg/kg) and no adverse effects were observed. Sub-chronic administration of the methanol extract at 25-150mg/kg had no effect on the body weight of the rats but there was significant (p<0.05) difference in the organ body weight ratio and organ body index. There was no significant (p>0.05) difference in the effect of ethylacetate and saturated butanol fractions on most of the liver and renal function indices. Non significant (p>0.05) differences of the fractions were also observed for haematological parameters. Histopathological studies indicated that the liver architecture, kuffer cells and bile duct were preserved. The crude methanol extract, ethylacetate and saturated butanol fractions at doses of 25-150 mg/kg significantly (p<0.05) reduced the diarrhoea droppings and also showed a significant (p<0.05) reduction in gastrointestinal motility on charcoal meal test in rats. The crude methanol extract, ethylacetate and saturated butanol fractions also indicated significant (p<0.05) anti-bacterial activity at 25-150 mg/kg. This result suggests that the stem bark extract of Khaya Senegalensis is relatively safe and could be used in the management of diarrhoea. ABSTRACT The anti-diarrrhoeal activity of the stem bark extract and fractions of Khaya senegalensis was evaluated in castor oil induced diarrhoea and gastrointestinal transit model in rats. The crude methanol extract was partitioned using hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate and saturated butanol but hexane and chloroform did not yield any fractions. The fractions were also screened for anti-diarrhoeal properties. The methanol extract, ethylacetate and saturated butanol fractions were screened for anti-bacterial activity against Salmonella spp, Esherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using agar diffusion bioassay. The precipitation rate of the total tannins in crude methanol extract and saturated butanol fraction were also evaluated. The effect of the fractions on biochemical indices of the liver, kidney, haematological parameters and histopathological studies were carried out. The phytochemical constituents detected were steroids, tannins, alkaloids, saponins, volatile oils, glycosides, saponin glycosides, anthraquinones, balsams and cardiac glycosides. Protein precipitation rate on the crude methanol extract and saturated butanol fraction were found to increase as the concentration of the tannins increases. The medium lethal dose (LD50) of the crude extract was greater than 5000mg/kg (LD50 >5000mg/kg) and no adverse effects were observed. Sub-chronic administration of the methanol extract at 25-150mg/kg had no effect on the body weight of the rats but there was significant (p<0.05) difference in the organ body weight ratio and organ body index. There was no significant (p>0.05) difference in the effect of ethylacetate and saturated butanol fractions on most of the liver and renal function indices. Non significant (p>0.05) differences of the fractions were also observed for haematological parameters. Histopathological studies indicated that the liver architecture, kuffer cells and bile duct were preserved. The crude methanol extract, ethylacetate and saturated butanol fractions at doses of 25-150 mg/kg significantly (p<0.05) reduced the diarrhoea droppings and also showed a significant (p<0.05) reduction in gastrointestinal motility on charcoal meal test in rats. The crude methanol extract, ethylacetate and saturated butanol fractions also indicated significant (p<0.05) anti-bacterial activity at 25-150 mg/kg. This result suggests that the stem bark extract of Khaya Senegalensis is relatively safe and could be used in the management of diarrhoea. ABSTRACT The anti-diarrrhoeal activity of the stem bark extract and fractions of Khaya senegalensis was evaluated in castor oil induced diarrhoea and gastrointestinal transit model in rats. The crude methanol extract was partitioned using hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate and saturated butanol but hexane and chloroform did not yield any fractions. The fractions were also screened for anti-diarrhoeal properties. The methanol extract, ethylacetate and saturated butanol fractions were screened for anti-bacterial activity against Salmonella spp, Esherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using agar diffusion bioassay. The precipitation rate of the total tannins in crude methanol extract and saturated butanol fraction were also evaluated. The effect of the fractions on biochemical indices of the liver, kidney, haematological parameters and histopathological studies were carried out. The phytochemical constituents detected were steroids, tannins, alkaloids, saponins, volatile oils, glycosides, saponin glycosides, anthraquinones, balsams and cardiac glycosides. Protein precipitation rate on the crude methanol extract and saturated butanol fraction were found to increase as the concentration of the tannins increases. The medium lethal dose (LD50) of the crude extract was greater than 5000mg/kg (LD50 >5000mg/kg) and no adverse effects were observed. Sub-chronic administration of the methanol extract at 25-150mg/kg had no effect on the body weight of the rats but there was significant (p<0.05) difference in the organ body weight ratio and organ body index. There was no significant (p>0.05) difference in the effect of ethylacetate and saturated butanol fractions on most of the liver and renal function indices. Non significant (p>0.05) differences of the fractions were also observed for haematological parameters. Histopathological studies indicated that the liver architecture, kuffer cells and bile duct were preserved. The crude methanol extract, ethylacetate and saturated butanol fractions at doses of 25-150 mg/kg significantly (p<0.05) reduced the diarrhoea droppings and also showed a significant (p<0.05) reduction in gastrointestinal motility on charcoal meal test in rats. The crude methanol extract, ethylacetate and saturated butanol fractions also indicated significant (p<0.05) anti-bacterial activity at 25-150 mg/kg. This result suggests that the stem bark extract of Khaya Senegalensis is relatively safe and could be used in the management of diarrhoea. ABSTRACT The anti-diarrrhoeal activity of the stem bark extract and fractions of Khaya senegalensis was evaluated in castor oil induced diarrhoea and gastrointestinal transit model in rats. The crude methanol extract was partitioned using hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate and saturated butanol but hexane and chloroform did not yield any fractions. The fractions were also screened for anti-diarrhoeal properties. The methanol extract, ethylacetate and saturated butanol fractions were screened for anti-bacterial activity against Salmonella spp, Esherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using agar diffusion bioassay. The precipitation rate of the total tannins in crude methanol extract and saturated butanol fraction were also evaluated. The effect of the fractions on biochemical indices of the liver, kidney, haematological parameters and histopathological studies were carried out. The phytochemical constituents detected were steroids, tannins, alkaloids, saponins, volatile oils, glycosides, saponin glycosides, anthraquinones, balsams and cardiac glycosides. Protein precipitation rate on the crude methanol extract and saturated butanol fraction were found to increase as the concentration of the tannins increases. The medium lethal dose (LD50) of the crude extract was greater than 5000mg/kg (LD50 >5000mg/kg) and no adverse effects were observed. Sub-chronic administration of the methanol extract at 25-150mg/kg had no effect on the body weight of the rats but there was significant (p<0.05) difference in the organ body weight ratio and organ body index. There was no significant (p>0.05) difference in the effect of ethylacetate and saturated butanol fractions on most of the liver and renal function indices. Non significant (p>0.05) differences of the fractions were also observed for haematological parameters. Histopathological studies indicated that the liver architecture, kuffer cells and bile duct were preserved. The crude methanol extract, ethylacetate and saturated butanol fractions at doses of 25-150 mg/kg significantly (p<0.05) reduced the diarrhoea droppings and also showed a significant (p<0.05) reduction in gastrointestinal motility on charcoal meal test in rats. The crude methanol extract, ethylacetate and saturated butanol fractions also indicated significant (p<0.05) anti-bacterial activity at 25-150 mg/kg. This result suggests that the stem bark extract of Khaya Senegalensis is relatively safe and could be used in the management of diarrhoea. ABSTRACT The anti-diarrrhoeal activity of the stem bark extract and fractions of Khaya senegalensis was evaluated in castor oil induced diarrhoea and gastrointestinal transit model in rats. The crude methanol extract was partitioned using hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate and saturated butanol but hexane and chloroform did not yield any fractions. The fractions were also screened for anti-diarrhoeal properties. The methanol extract, ethylacetate and saturated butanol fractions were screened for anti-bacterial activity against Salmonella spp, Esherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using agar diffusion bioassay. The precipitation rate of the total tannins in crude methanol extract and saturated butanol fraction were also evaluated. The effect of the fractions on biochemical indices of the liver, kidney, haematological parameters and histopathological studies were carried out. The phytochemical constituents detected were steroids, tannins, alkaloids, saponins, volatile oils, glycosides, saponin glycosides, anthraquinones, balsams and cardiac glycosides. Protein precipitation rate on the crude methanol extract and saturated butanol fraction were found to increase as the concentration of the tannins increases. The medium lethal dose (LD50) of the crude extract was greater than 5000mg/kg (LD50 >5000mg/kg) and no adverse effects were observed. Sub-chronic administration of the methanol extract at 25-150mg/kg had no effect on the body weight of the rats but there was significant (p<0.05) difference in the organ body weight ratio and organ body index. There was no significant (p>0.05) difference in the effect of ethylacetate and saturated butanol fractions on most of the liver and renal function indices. Non significant (p>0.05) differences of the fractions were also observed for haematological parameters. Histopathological studies indicated that the liver architecture, kuffer cells and bile duct were preserved. The crude methanol extract, ethylacetate and saturated butanol fractions at doses of 25-150 mg/kg significantly (p<0.05) reduced the diarrhoea droppings and also showed a significant (p<0.05) reduction in gastrointestinal motility on charcoal meal test in rats. The crude methanol extract, ethylacetate and saturated butanol fractions also indicated significant (p<0.05) anti-bacterial activity at 25-150 mg/kg. This result suggests that the stem bark extract of Khaya Senegalensis is relatively safe and could be used in the management of diarrhoea. ABSTRACT The anti-diarrrhoeal activity of the stem bark extract and fractions of Khaya senegalensis was evaluated in castor oil induced diarrhoea and gastrointestinal transit model in rats. The crude methanol extract was partitioned using hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate and saturated butanol but hexane and chloroform did not yield any fractions. The fractions were also screened for anti-diarrhoeal properties. The methanol extract, ethylacetate and saturated butanol fractions were screened for anti-bacterial activity against Salmonella spp, Esherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using agar diffusion bioassay. The precipitation rate of the total tannins in crude methanol extract and saturated butanol fraction were also evaluated. The effect of the fractions on biochemical indices of the liver, kidney, haematological parameters and histopathological studies were carried out. The phytochemical constituents detected were steroids, tannins, alkaloids, saponins, volatile oils, glycosides, saponin glycosides, anthraquinones, balsams and cardiac glycosides. Protein precipitation rate on the crude methanol extract and saturated butanol fraction were found to increase as the concentration of the tannins increases. The medium lethal dose (LD50) of the crude extract was greater than 5000mg/kg (LD50 >5000mg/kg) and no adverse effects were observed. Sub-chronic administration of the methanol extract at 25-150mg/kg had no effect on the body weight of the rats but there was significant (p<0.05) difference in the organ body weight ratio and organ body index. There was no significant (p>0.05) difference in the effect of ethylacetate and saturated butanol fractions on most of the liver and renal function indices. Non significant (p>0.05) differences of the fractions were also observed for haematological parameters. Histopathological studies indicated that the liver architecture, kuffer cells and bile duct were preserved. The crude methanol extract, ethylacetate and saturated butanol fractions at doses of 25-150 mg/kg significantly (p<0.05) reduced the diarrhoea droppings and also showed a significant (p<0.05) reduction in gastrointestinal motility on charcoal meal test in rats. The crude methanol extract, ethylacetate and saturated butanol fractions also indicated significant (p<0.05) anti-bacterial activity at 25-150 mg/kg. This result suggests that the stem bark extract of Khaya Senegalensis is relatively safe and could be used in the management of diarrhoea. ABSTRACT The anti-diarrrhoeal activity of the stem bark extract and fractions of Khaya senegalensis was evaluated in castor oil induced diarrhoea and gastrointestinal transit model in rats. The crude methanol extract was partitioned using hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate and saturated butanol but hexane and chloroform did not yield any fractions. The fractions were also screened for anti-diarrhoeal properties. The methanol extract, ethylacetate and saturated butanol fractions were screened for anti-bacterial activity against Salmonella spp, Esherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using agar diffusion bioassay. The precipitation rate of the total tannins in crude methanol extract and saturated butanol fraction were also evaluated. The effect of the fractions on biochemical indices of the liver, kidney, haematological parameters and histopathological studies were carried out. The phytochemical constituents detected were steroids, tannins, alkaloids, saponins, volatile oils, glycosides, saponin glycosides, anthraquinones, balsams and cardiac glycosides. Protein precipitation rate on the crude methanol extract and saturated butanol fraction were found to increase as the concentration of the tannins increases. The medium lethal dose (LD50) of the crude extract was greater than 5000mg/kg (LD50 >5000mg/kg) and no adverse effects were observed. Sub-chronic administration of the methanol extract at 25-150mg/kg had no effect on the body weight of the rats but there was significant (p<0.05) difference in the organ body weight ratio and organ body index. There was no significant (p>0.05) difference in the effect of ethylacetate and saturated butanol fractions on most of the liver and renal function indices. Non significant (p>0.05) differences of the fractions were also observed for haematological parameters. Histopathological studies indicated that the liver architecture, kuffer cells and bile duct were preserved. The crude methanol extract, ethylacetate and saturated butanol fractions at doses of 25-150 mg/kg significantly (p<0.05) reduced the diarrhoea droppings and also showed a significant (p<0.05) reduction in gastrointestinal motility on charcoal meal test in rats. The crude methanol extract, ethylacetate and saturated butanol fractions also indicated significant (p<0.05) anti-bacterial activity at 25-150 mg/kg. This result suggests that the stem bark extract of Khaya Senegalensis is relatively safe and could be used in the management of diarrhoea. ABSTRACT The anti-diarrrhoeal activity of the stem bark extract and fractions of Khaya senegalensis was evaluated in castor oil induced diarrhoea and gastrointestinal transit model in rats. The crude methanol extract was partitioned using hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate and saturated butanol but hexane and chloroform did not yield any fractions. The fractions were also screened for anti-diarrhoeal properties. The methanol extract, ethylacetate and saturated butanol fractions were screened for anti-bacterial activity against Salmonella spp, Esherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using agar diffusion bioassay. The precipitation rate of the total tannins in crude methanol extract and saturated butanol fraction were also evaluated. The effect of the fractions on biochemical indices of the liver, kidney, haematological parameters and histopathological studies were carried out. The phytochemical constituents detected were steroids, tannins, alkaloids, saponins, volatile oils, glycosides, saponin glycosides, anthraquinones, balsams and cardiac glycosides. Protein precipitation rate on the crude methanol extract and saturated butanol fraction were found to increase as the concentration of the tannins increases. The medium lethal dose (LD50) of the crude extract was greater than 5000mg/kg (LD50 >5000mg/kg) and no adverse effects were observed. Sub-chronic administration of the methanol extract at 25-150mg/kg had no effect on the body weight of the rats but there was significant (p<0.05) difference in the organ body weight ratio and organ body index. There was no significant (p>0.05) difference in the effect of ethylacetate and saturated butanol fractions on most of the liver and renal function indices. Non significant (p>0.05) differences of the fractions were also observed for haematological parameters. Histopathological studies indicated that the liver architecture, kuffer cells and bile duct were preserved. The crude methanol extract, ethylacetate and saturated butanol fractions at doses of 25-150 mg/kg significantly (p<0.05) reduced the diarrhoea droppings and also showed a significant (p<0.05) reduction in gastrointestinal motility on charcoal meal test in rats. The crude methanol extract, ethylacetate and saturated butanol fractions also indicated significant (p<0.05) anti-bacterial activity at 25-150 mg/kg. This result suggests that the stem bark extract of Khaya Senegalensis is relatively safe and could be used in the management of diarrhoea. ABSTRACT The anti-diarrrhoeal activity of the stem bark extract and fractions of Khaya senegalensis was evaluated in castor oil induced diarrhoea and gastrointestinal transit model in rats. The crude methanol extract was partitioned using hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate and saturated butanol but hexane and chloroform did not yield any fractions. The fractions were also screened for anti-diarrhoeal properties. The methanol extract, ethylacetate and saturated butanol fractions were screened for anti-bacterial activity against Salmonella spp, Esherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using agar diffusion bioassay. The precipitation rate of the total tannins in crude methanol extract and saturated butanol fraction were also evaluated. The effect of the fractions on biochemical indices of the liver, kidney, haematological parameters and histopathological studies were carried out. The phytochemical constituents detected were steroids, tannins, alkaloids, saponins, volatile oils, glycosides, saponin glycosides, anthraquinones, balsams and cardiac glycosides. Protein precipitation rate on the crude methanol extract and saturated butanol fraction were found to increase as the concentration of the tannins increases. The medium lethal dose (LD50) of the crude extract was greater than 5000mg/kg (LD50 >5000mg/kg) and no adverse effects were observed. Sub-chronic administration of the methanol extract at 25-150mg/kg had no effect on the body weight of the rats but there was significant (p<0.05) difference in the organ body weight ratio and organ body index. There was no significant (p>0.05) difference in the effect of ethylacetate and saturated butanol fractions on most of the liver and renal function indices. Non significant (p>0.05) differences of the fractions were also observed for haematological parameters. Histopathological studies indicated that the liver architecture, kuffer cells and bile duct were preserved. The crude methanol extract, ethylacetate and saturated butanol fractions at doses of 25-150 mg/kg significantly (p<0.05) reduced the diarrhoea droppings and also showed a significant (p<0.05) reduction in gastrointestinal motility on charcoal meal test in rats. The crude methanol extract, ethylacetate and saturated butanol fractions also indicated significant (p<0.05) anti-bacterial activity at 25-150 mg/kg. This result suggests that the stem bark extract of Khaya Senegalensis is relatively safe and could be used in the management of diarrhoea. ABSTRACT The anti-diarrrhoeal activity of the stem bark extract and fractions of Khaya senegalensis was evaluated in castor oil induced diarrhoea and gastrointestinal transit model in rats. The crude methanol extract was partitioned using hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate and saturated butanol but hexane and chloroform did not yield any fractions. The fractions were also screened for anti-diarrhoeal properties. The methanol extract, ethylacetate and saturated butanol fractions were screened for anti-bacterial activity against Salmonella spp, Esherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using agar diffusion bioassay. The precipitation rate of the total tannins in crude methanol extract and saturated butanol fraction were also evaluated. The effect of the fractions on biochemical indices of the liver, kidney, haematological parameters and histopathological studies were carried out. The phytochemical constituents detected were steroids, tannins, alkaloids, saponins, volatile oils, glycosides, saponin glycosides, anthraquinones, balsams and cardiac glycosides. Protein precipitation rate on the crude methanol extract and saturated butanol fraction were found to increase as the concentration of the tannins increases. The medium lethal dose (LD50) of the crude extract was greater than 5000mg/kg (LD50 >5000mg/kg) and no adverse effects were observed. Sub-chronic administration of the methanol extract at 25-150mg/kg had no effect on the body weight of the rats but there was significant (p<0.05) difference in the organ body weight ratio and organ body index. There was no significant (p>0.05) difference in the effect of ethylacetate and saturated butanol fractions on most of the liver and renal function indices. Non significant (p>0.05) differences of the fractions were also observed for haematological parameters. Histopathological studies indicated that the liver architecture, kuffer cells and bile duct were preserved. The crude methanol extract, ethylacetate and saturated butanol fractions at doses of 25-150 mg/kg significantly (p<0.05) reduced the diarrhoea droppings and also showed a significant (p<0.05) reduction in gastrointestinal motility on charcoal meal test in rats. The crude methanol extract, ethylacetate and saturated butanol fractions also indicated significant (p<0.05) anti-bacterial activity at 25-150 mg/kg. This result suggests that the stem bark extract of Khaya Senegalensis is relatively safe and could be used in the management of diarrhoea. ABSTRACT The anti-diarrrhoeal activity of the stem bark extract and fractions of Khaya senegalensis was evaluated in castor oil induced diarrhoea and gastrointestinal transit model in rats. The crude methanol extract was partitioned using hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate and saturated butanol but hexane and chloroform did not yield any fractions. The fractions were also screened for anti-diarrhoeal properties. The methanol extract, ethylacetate and saturated butanol fractions were screened for anti-bacterial activity against Salmonella spp, Esherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using agar diffusion bioassay. The precipitation rate of the total tannins in crude methanol extract and saturated butanol fraction were also evaluated. The effect of the fractions on biochemical indices of the liver, kidney, haematological parameters and histopathological studies were carried out. The phytochemical constituents detected were steroids, tannins, alkaloids, saponins, volatile oils, glycosides, saponin glycosides, anthraquinones, balsams and cardiac glycosides. Protein precipitation rate on the crude methanol extract and saturated butanol fraction were found to increase as the concentration of the tannins increases. The medium lethal dose (LD50) of the crude extract was greater than 5000mg/kg (LD50 >5000mg/kg) and no adverse effects were observed. Sub-chronic administration of the methanol extract at 25-150mg/kg had no effect on the body weight of the rats but there was significant (p<0.05) difference in the organ body weight ratio and organ body index. There was no significant (p>0.05) difference in the effect of ethylacetate and saturated butanol fractions on most of the liver and renal function indices. Non significant (p>0.05) differences of the fractions were also observed for haematological parameters. Histopathological studies indicated that the liver architecture, kuffer cells and bile duct were preserved. The crude methanol extract, ethylacetate and saturated butanol fractions at doses of 25-150 mg/kg significantly (p<0.05) reduced the diarrhoea droppings and also showed a significant (p<0.05) reduction in gastrointestinal motility on charcoal meal test in rats. The crude methanol extract, ethylacetate and saturated butanol fractions also indicated significant (p<0.05) anti-bacterial activity at 25-150 mg/kg. This result suggests that the stem bark extract of Khaya Senegalensis is relatively safe and could be used in the management of diarrhoea. ABSTRACT The anti-diarrrhoeal activity of the stem bark extract and fractions of Khaya senegalensis was evaluated in castor oil induced diarrhoea and gastrointestinal transit model in rats. The crude methanol extract was partitioned using hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate and saturated butanol but hexane and chloroform did not yield any fractions. The fractions were also screened for anti-diarrhoeal properties. The methanol extract, ethylacetate and saturated butanol fractions were screened for anti-bacterial activity against Salmonella spp, Esherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using agar diffusion bioassay. The precipitation rate of the total tannins in crude methanol extract and saturated butanol fraction were also evaluated. The effect of the fractions on biochemical indices of the liver, kidney, haematological parameters and histopathological studies were carried out. The phytochemical constituents detected were steroids, tannins, alkaloids, saponins, volatile oils, glycosides, saponin glycosides, anthraquinones, balsams and cardiac glycosides. Protein precipitation rate on the crude methanol extract and saturated butanol fraction were found to increase as the concentration of the tannins increases. The medium lethal dose (LD50) of the crude extract was greater than 5000mg/kg (LD50 >5000mg/kg) and no adverse effects were observed. Sub-chronic administration of the methanol extract at 25-150mg/kg had no effect on the body weight of the rats but there was significant (p<0.05) difference in the organ body weight ratio and organ body index. There was no significant (p>0.05) difference in the effect of ethylacetate and saturated butanol fractions on most of the liver and renal function indices. Non significant (p>0.05) differences of the fractions were also observed for haematological parameters. Histopathological studies indicated that the liver architecture, kuffer cells and bile duct were preserved. The crude methanol extract, ethylacetate and saturated butanol fractions at doses of 25-150 mg/kg significantly (p<0.05) reduced the diarrhoea droppings and also showed a significant (p<0.05) reduction in gastrointestinal motility on charcoal meal test in rats. The crude methanol extract, ethylacetate and saturated butanol fractions also indicated significant (p<0.05) anti-bacterial activity at 25-150 mg/kg. This result suggests that the stem bark extract of Khaya Senegalensis is relatively safe and could be used in the management of diarrhoea. ABSTRACT The anti-diarrrhoeal activity of the stem bark extract and fractions of Khaya senegalensis was evaluated in castor oil induced diarrhoea and gastrointestinal transit model in rats. The crude methanol extract was partitioned using hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate and saturated butanol but hexane and chloroform did not yield any fractions. The fractions were also screened for anti-diarrhoeal properties. The methanol extract, ethylacetate and saturated butanol fractions were screened for anti-bacterial activity against Salmonella spp, Esherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using agar diffusion bioassay. The precipitation rate of the total tannins in crude methanol extract and saturated butanol fraction were also evaluated. The effect of the fractions on biochemical indices of the liver, kidney, haematological parameters and histopathological studies were carried out. The phytochemical constituents detected were steroids, tannins, alkaloids, saponins, volatile oils, glycosides, saponin glycosides, anthraquinones, balsams and cardiac glycosides. Protein precipitation rate on the crude methanol extract and saturated butanol fraction were found to increase as the concentration of the tannins increases. The medium lethal dose (LD50) of the crude extract was greater than 5000mg/kg (LD50 >5000mg/kg) and no adverse effects were observed. Sub-chronic administration of the methanol extract at 25-150mg/kg had no effect on the body weight of the rats but there was significant (p<0.05) difference in the organ body weight ratio and organ body index. There was no significant (p>0.05) difference in the effect of ethylacetate and saturated butanol fractions on most of the liver and renal function indices. Non significant (p>0.05) differences of the fractions were also observed for haematological parameters. Histopathological studies indicated that the liver architecture, kuffer cells and bile duct were preserved. The crude methanol extract, ethylacetate and saturated butanol fractions at doses of 25-150 mg/kg significantly (p<0.05) reduced the diarrhoea droppings and also showed a significant (p<0.05) reduction in gastrointestinal motility on charcoal meal test in rats. The crude methanol extract, ethylacetate and saturated butanol fractions also indicated significant (p<0.05) anti-bacterial activity at 25-150 mg/kg. This result suggests that the stem bark extract of Khaya Senegalensis is relatively safe and could be used in the management of diarrhoea. ABSTRACT The anti-diarrrhoeal activity of the stem bark extract and fractions of Khaya senegalensis was evaluated in castor oil induced diarrhoea and gastrointestinal transit model in rats. The crude methanol extract was partitioned using hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate and saturated butanol but hexane and chloroform did not yield any fractions. The fractions were also screened for anti-diarrhoeal properties. The methanol extract, ethylacetate and saturated butanol fractions were screened for anti-bacterial activity against Salmonella spp, Esherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using agar diffusion bioassay. The precipitation rate of the total tannins in crude methanol extract and saturated butanol fraction were also evaluated. The effect of the fractions on biochemical indices of the liver, kidney, haematological parameters and histopathological studies were carried out. The phytochemical constituents detected were steroids, tannins, alkaloids, saponins, volatile oils, glycosides, saponin glycosides, anthraquinones, balsams and cardiac glycosides. Protein precipitation rate on the crude methanol extract and saturated butanol fraction were found to increase as the concentration of the tannins increases. The medium lethal dose (LD50) of the crude extract was greater than 5000mg/kg (LD50 >5000mg/kg) and no adverse effects were observed. Sub-chronic administration of the methanol extract at 25-150mg/kg had no effect on the body weight of the rats but there was significant (p<0.05) difference in the organ body weight ratio and organ body index. There was no significant (p>0.05) difference in the effect of ethylacetate and saturated butanol fractions on most of the liver and renal function indices. Non significant (p>0.05) differences of the fractions were also observed for haematological parameters. Histopathological studies indicated that the liver architecture, kuffer cells and bile duct were preserved. The crude methanol extract, ethylacetate and saturated butanol fractions at doses of 25-150 mg/kg significantly (p<0.05) reduced the diarrhoea droppings and also showed a significant (p<0.05) reduction in gastrointestinal motility on charcoal meal test in rats. The crude methanol extract, ethylacetate and saturated butanol fractions also indicated significant (p<0.05) anti-bacterial activity at 25-150 mg/kg. This result suggests that the stem bark extract of Khaya Senegalensis is relatively safe and could be used in the management of diarrhoea. ABSTRACT The anti-diarrrhoeal activity of the stem bark extract and fractions of Khaya senegalensis was evaluated in castor oil induced diarrhoea and gastrointestinal transit model in rats. The crude methanol extract was partitioned using hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate and saturated butanol but hexane and chloroform did not yield any fractions. The fractions were also screened for anti-diarrhoeal properties. The methanol extract, ethylacetate and saturated butanol fractions were screened for anti-bacterial activity against Salmonella spp, Esherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using agar diffusion bioassay. The precipitation rate of the total tannins in crude methanol extract and saturated butanol fraction were also evaluated. The effect of the fractions on biochemical indices of the liver, kidney, haematological parameters and histopathological studies were carried out. The phytochemical constituents detected were steroids, tannins, alkaloids, saponins, volatile oils, glycosides, saponin glycosides, anthraquinones, balsams and cardiac glycosides. Protein precipitation rate on the crude methanol extract and saturated butanol fraction were found to increase as the concentration of the tannins increases. The medium lethal dose (LD50) of the crude extract was greater than 5000mg/kg (LD50 >5000mg/kg) and no adverse effects were observed. Sub-chronic administration of the methanol extract at 25-150mg/kg had no effect on the body weight of the rats but there was significant (p<0.05) difference in the organ body weight ratio and organ body index. There was no significant (p>0.05) difference in the effect of ethylacetate and saturated butanol fractions on most of the liver and renal function indices. Non significant (p>0.05) differences of the fractions were also observed for haematological parameters. Histopathological studies indicated that the liver architecture, kuffer cells and bile duct were preserved. The crude methanol extract, ethylacetate and saturated butanol fractions at doses of 25-150 mg/kg significantly (p<0.05) reduced the diarrhoea droppings and also showed a significant (p<0.05) reduction in gastrointestinal motility on charcoal meal test in rats. The crude methanol extract, ethylacetate and saturated butanol fractions also indicated significant (p<0.05) anti-bacterial activity at 25-150 mg/kg. This result suggests that the stem bark extract of Khaya Senegalensis is relatively safe and could be used in the management of diarrhoea. ABSTRACT The anti-diarrrhoeal activity of the stem bark extract and fractions of Khaya senegalensis was evaluated in castor oil induced diarrhoea and gastrointestinal transit model in rats. The crude methanol extract was partitioned using hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate and saturated butanol but hexane and chloroform did not yield any fractions. The fractions were also screened for anti-diarrhoeal properties. The methanol extract, ethylacetate and saturated butanol fractions were screened for anti-bacterial activity against Salmonella spp, Esherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using agar diffusion bioassay. The precipitation rate of the total tannins in crude methanol extract and saturated butanol fraction were also evaluated. The effect of the fractions on biochemical indices of the liver, kidney, haematological parameters and histopathological studies were carried out. The phytochemical constituents detected were steroids, tannins, alkaloids, saponins, volatile oils, glycosides, saponin glycosides, anthraquinones, balsams and cardiac glycosides. Protein precipitation rate on the crude methanol extract and saturated butanol fraction were found to increase as the concentration of the tannins increases. The medium lethal dose (LD50) of the crude extract was greater than 5000mg/kg (LD50 >5000mg/kg) and no adverse effects were observed. Sub-chronic administration of the methanol extract at 25-150mg/kg had no effect on the body weight of the rats but there was significant (p<0.05) difference in the organ body weight ratio and organ body index. There was no significant (p>0.05) difference in the effect of ethylacetate and saturated butanol fractions on most of the liver and renal function indices. Non significant (p>0.05) differences of the fractions were also observed for haematological parameters. Histopathological studies indicated that the liver architecture, kuffer cells and bile duct were preserved. The crude methanol extract, ethylacetate and saturated butanol fractions at doses of 25-150 mg/kg significantly (p<0.05) reduced the diarrhoea droppings and also showed a significant (p<0.05) reduction in gastrointestinal motility on charcoal meal test in rats. The crude methanol extract, ethylacetate and saturated butanol fractions also indicated significant (p<0.05) anti-bacterial activity at 25-150 mg/kg. This result suggests that the stem bark extract of Khaya Senegalensis is relatively safe and could be used in the management of diarrhoea. ABSTRACT The anti-diarrrhoeal activity of the stem bark extract and fractions of Khaya senegalensis was evaluated in castor oil induced diarrhoea and gastrointestinal transit model in rats. The crude methanol extract was partitioned using hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate and saturated butanol but hexane and chloroform did not yield any fractions. The fractions were also screened for anti-diarrhoeal properties. The methanol extract, ethylacetate and saturated butanol fractions were screened for anti-bacterial activity against Salmonella spp, Esherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using agar diffusion bioassay. The precipitation rate of the total tannins in crude methanol extract and saturated butanol fraction were also evaluated. The effect of the fractions on biochemical indices of the liver, kidney, haematological parameters and histopathological studies were carried out. The phytochemical constituents detected were steroids, tannins, alkaloids, saponins, volatile oils, glycosides, saponin glycosides, anthraquinones, balsams and cardiac glycosides. Protein precipitation rate on the crude methanol extract and saturated butanol fraction were found to increase as the concentration of the tannins increases. The medium lethal dose (LD50) of the crude extract was greater than 5000mg/kg (LD50 >5000mg/kg) and no adverse effects were observed. Sub-chronic administration of the methanol extract at 25-150mg/kg had no effect on the body weight of the rats but there was significant (p<0.05) difference in the organ body weight ratio and organ body index. There was no significant (p>0.05) difference in the effect of ethylacetate and saturated butanol fractions on most of the liver and renal function indices. Non significant (p>0.05) differences of the fractions were also observed for haematological parameters. Histopathological studies indicated that the liver architecture, kuffer cells and bile duct were preserved. The crude methanol extract, ethylacetate and saturated butanol fractions at doses of 25-150 mg/kg significantly (p<0.05) reduced the diarrhoea droppings and also showed a significant (p<0.05) reduction in gastrointestinal motility on charcoal meal test in rats. The crude methanol extract, ethylacetate and saturated butanol fractions also indicated significant (p<0.05) anti-bacterial activity at 25-150 mg/kg. This result suggests that the stem bark extract of Khaya Senegalensis is relatively safe and could be used in the management of diarrhoea. ABSTRACT The anti-diarrrhoeal activity of the stem bark extract and fractions of Khaya senegalensis was evaluated in castor oil induced diarrhoea and gastrointestinal transit model in rats. The crude methanol extract was partitioned using hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate and saturated butanol but hexane and chloroform did not yield any fractions. The fractions were also screened for anti-diarrhoeal properties. The methanol extract, ethylacetate and saturated butanol fractions were screened for anti-bacterial activity against Salmonella spp, Esherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using agar diffusion bioassay. The precipitation rate of the total tannins in crude methanol extract and saturated butanol fraction were also evaluated. The effect of the fractions on biochemical indices of the liver, kidney, haematological parameters and histopathological studies were carried out. The phytochemical constituents detected were steroids, tannins, alkaloids, saponins, volatile oils, glycosides, saponin glycosides, anthraquinones, balsams and cardiac glycosides. Protein precipitation rate on the crude methanol extract and saturated butanol fraction were found to increase as the concentration of the tannins increases. The medium lethal dose (LD50) of the crude extract was greater than 5000mg/kg (LD50 >5000mg/kg) and no adverse effects were observed. Sub-chronic administration of the methanol extract at 25-150mg/kg had no effect on the body weight of the rats but there was significant (p<0.05) difference in the organ body weight ratio and organ body index. There was no significant (p>0.05) difference in the effect of ethylacetate and saturated butanol fractions on most of the liver and renal function indices. Non significant (p>0.05) differences of the fractions were also observed for haematological parameters. Histopathological studies indicated that the liver architecture, kuffer cells and bile duct were preserved. The crude methanol extract, ethylacetate and saturated butanol fractions at doses of 25-150 mg/kg significantly (p<0.05) reduced the diarrhoea droppings and also showed a significant (p<0.05) reduction in gastrointestinal motility on charcoal meal test in rats. The crude methanol extract, ethylacetate and saturated butanol fractions also indicated significant (p<0.05) anti-bacterial activity at 25-150 mg/kg. This result suggests that the stem bark extract of Khaya Senegalensis is relatively safe and could be used in the management of diarrhoea. ABSTRACT The anti-diarrrhoeal activity of the stem bark extract and fractions of Khaya senegalensis was evaluated in castor oil induced diarrhoea and gastrointestinal transit model in rats. The crude methanol extract was partitioned using hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate and saturated butanol but hexane and chloroform did not yield any fractions. The fractions were also screened for anti-diarrhoeal properties. The methanol extract, ethylacetate and saturated butanol fractions were screened for anti-bacterial activity against Salmonella spp, Esherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using agar diffusion bioassay. The precipitation rate of the total tannins in crude methanol extract and saturated butanol fraction were also evaluated. The effect of the fractions on biochemical indices of the liver, kidney, haematological parameters and histopathological studies were carried out. The phytochemical constituents detected were steroids, tannins, alkaloids, saponins, volatile oils, glycosides, saponin glycosides, anthraquinones, balsams and cardiac glycosides. Protein precipitation rate on the crude methanol extract and saturated butanol fraction were found to increase as the concentration of the tannins increases. The medium lethal dose (LD50) of the crude extract was greater than 5000mg/kg (LD50 >5000mg/kg) and no adverse effects were observed. Sub-chronic administration of the methanol extract at 25-150mg/kg had no effect on the body weight of the rats but there was significant (p<0.05) difference in the organ body weight ratio and organ body index. There was no significant (p>0.05) difference in the effect of ethylacetate and saturated butanol fractions on most of the liver and renal function indices. Non significant (p>0.05) differences of the fractions were also observed for haematological parameters. Histopathological studies indicated that the liver architecture, kuffer cells and bile duct were preserved. The crude methanol extract, ethylacetate and saturated butanol fractions at doses of 25-150 mg/kg significantly (p<0.05) reduced the diarrhoea droppings and also showed a significant (p<0.05) reduction in gastrointestinal motility on charcoal meal test in rats. The crude methanol extract, ethylacetate and saturated butanol fractions also indicated significant (p<0.05) anti-bacterial activity at 25-150 mg/kg. This result suggests that the stem bark extract of Khaya Senegalensis is relatively safe and could be used in the management of diarrhoea. ABSTRACT The anti-diarrrhoeal activity of the stem bark extract and fractions of Khaya senegalensis was evaluated in castor oil induced diarrhoea and gastrointestinal transit model in rats. The crude methanol extract was partitioned using hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate and saturated butanol but hexane and chloroform did not yield any fractions. The fractions were also screened for anti-diarrhoeal properties. The methanol extract, ethylacetate and saturated butanol fractions were screened for anti-bacterial activity against Salmonella spp, Esherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using agar diffusion bioassay. The precipitation rate of the total tannins in crude methanol extract and saturated butanol fraction were also evaluated. The effect of the fractions on biochemical indices of the liver, kidney, haematological parameters and histopathological studies were carried out. The phytochemical constituents detected were steroids, tannins, alkaloids, saponins, volatile oils, glycosides, saponin glycosides, anthraquinones, balsams and cardiac glycosides. Protein precipitation rate on the crude methanol extract and saturated butanol fraction were found to increase as the concentration of the tannins increases. The medium lethal dose (LD50) of the crude extract was greater than 5000mg/kg (LD50 >5000mg/kg) and no adverse effects were observed. Sub-chronic administration of the methanol extract at 25-150mg/kg had no effect on the body weight of the rats but there was significant (p<0.05) difference in the organ body weight ratio and organ body index. There was no significant (p>0.05) difference in the effect of ethylacetate and saturated butanol fractions on most of the liver and renal function indices. Non significant (p>0.05) differences of the fractions were also observed for haematological parameters. Histopathological studies indicated that the liver architecture, kuffer cells and bile duct were preserved. The crude methanol extract, ethylacetate and saturated butanol fractions at doses of 25-150 mg/kg significantly (p<0.05) reduced the diarrhoea droppings and also showed a significant (p<0.05) reduction in gastrointestinal motility on charcoal meal test in rats. The crude methanol extract, ethylacetate and saturated butanol fractions also indicated significant (p<0.05) anti-bacterial activity at 25-150 mg/kg. This result suggests that the stem bark extract of Khaya Senegalensis is relatively safe and could be used in the management of diarrhoea. ABSTRACT The anti-diarrrhoeal activity of the stem bark extract and fractions of Khaya senegalensis was evaluated in castor oil induced diarrhoea and gastrointestinal transit model in rats. The crude methanol extract was partitioned using hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate and saturated butanol but hexane and chloroform did not yield any fractions. The fractions were also screened for anti-diarrhoeal properties. The methanol extract, ethylacetate and saturated butanol fractions were screened for anti-bacterial activity against Salmonella spp, Esherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using agar diffusion bioassay. The precipitation rate of the total tannins in crude methanol extract and saturated butanol fraction were also evaluated. The effect of the fractions on biochemical indices of the liver, kidney, haematological parameters and histopathological studies were carried out. The phytochemical constituents detected were steroids, tannins, alkaloids, saponins, volatile oils, glycosides, saponin glycosides, anthraquinones, balsams and cardiac glycosides. Protein precipitation rate on the crude methanol extract and saturated butanol fraction were found to increase as the concentration of the tannins increases. The medium lethal dose (LD50) of the crude extract was greater than 5000mg/kg (LD50 >5000mg/kg) and no adverse effects were observed. Sub-chronic administration of the methanol extract at 25-150mg/kg had no effect on the body weight of the rats but there was significant (p<0.05) difference in the organ body weight ratio and organ body index. There was no significant (p>0.05) difference in the effect of ethylacetate and saturated butanol fractions on most of the liver and renal function indices. Non significant (p>0.05) differences of the fractions were also observed for haematological parameters. Histopathological studies indicated that the liver architecture, kuffer cells and bile duct were preserved. The crude methanol extract, ethylacetate and saturated butanol fractions at doses of 25-150 mg/kg significantly (p<0.05) reduced the diarrhoea droppings and also showed a significant (p<0.05) reduction in gastrointestinal motility on charcoal meal test in rats. The crude methanol extract, ethylacetate and saturated butanol fractions also indicated significant (p<0.05) anti-bacterial activity at 25-150 mg/kg. This result suggests that the stem bark extract of Khaya Senegalensis is relatively safe and could be used in the management of diarrhoea.