THE EFFECT OF AQUEOUS SEED EXTRACT OF Capsicum frutescene ON HUMAN PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONONUCLEAR CELLS (PBMC)

Abstract

This study investigated the effects of diffrent concentration aqueous seed extract of Capsicum frutescens on the viability of human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) using the trypan blue exclusion method. PBMCs isolated from healthy volunteers were exposed to extract concentrations of 25, 50, 75, and 100 µg/ml, alongside an untreated control. Results showed that low concentrations (25–50 µg/ml) slightly increased or maintained PBMC viability, indicating potential immunostimulatory or protective effects. In contrast, higher concentrations (75–100 µg/ml) produced a marked decline in viability, demonstrating significant cytotoxicity. Statistical analysis confirmed a strong concentration-dependent relationship, with high-dose treatments showing significant differences compared to the control group. These findings suggest that Capsicum frutescens seed extract contains bioactive components capable of enhancing immune cell survival at low doses while becoming harmful at elevated levels. The dual activity highlights the importance of dose regulation in herbal or therapeutic applications. Further studies are recommended to explore underlying molecular mechanisms, cytokine responses, and the safety of long-term use. Overall, the extract exhibits both beneficial and cytotoxic properties depending on the concentration applied.