EVALUATION OF THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN SOIL-TRANSMITTED HELMINTHS AND ANAEMIA AMONG RURAL CHILDREN IN SANYINNA TOWN, SOKOTO

Abstract

Soil-Transmitted Helminth (STH) infections and anaemia remain major public health challenges, particularly among children in low-resource settings. This study assessed the prevalence and association between soil transmitted helminths and anaemia among rural children in Sanyinna town, Sokoto. A total of 194 stool and blood samples were collected and examined for STH species, other intestinal parasites, and haemoglobin levels using standard parasitological techniques. The prevalence of STH infection was 7.7% (15/194), while anaemia was more common at 21.6% (42/194). Other intestinal parasites accounted for 4.6% (9/194) of cases. A significant association was found between STH infection and anaemia, with 66.7% of STH-positive participants being anaemic compared to 17.9% of STH-negative participants (p = 0.001). Hookworm (9 cases) and Ascaris lumbricoides (6 cases) were detected STH species. Mild and moderate anaemia were observed among 46.6% and 20% of infected individuals, respectively, with no cases of severe anaemia. Sex was not significantly associated with STH infection (p = 0.079) or anaemia (p = 0.203). Age did not significantly influence STH infection (p = 0.661), but was strongly associated with anaemia (p = 0.0001), with children aged 5–9 years exhibiting the highest prevalence. Although STH prevalence was relatively low, STH infection had a significant impact on anaemia. Hookworm and Ascaris infections were associated with mild to moderate reductions in haemoglobin levels. Age was a major predictor of anaemia, while sex showed no significant influence. Integrated control measures, including regular deworming, improved nutrition, sanitation, and targeted interventions for high-risk age groups, are recommended to reduce the burden of anaemia and STH infections.