PHYTOCHEMICAL AND ANTIOXIDANT ANALYSIS OF BITTER LEAF (VERNONIA AMYGDALINA)

Abstract

Vernonia amygdalina (bitter leaf) is a common medicinal plant widely known for its health and nutritional benefits. This study examined its phytochemical composition and antioxidant activity to provide scientific evidence for its traditional uses. The leaves were extracted using methanol and analyzed through standard phytochemical tests, DPPH radical scavenging, and Total Phenolic Content (TPC) methods. The results showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins, and tannins, while aqnthraquinones were not detected. The extract demonstrated strong antioxidant activity, recording 83% DPPH inhibition at 0.4 mg/mL and a TPC value of 29.2 mg GAE/100g. These findings suggest that V.amygdalina contains natural compounds with high antioxidant potential, supporting its traditional medicinal value and possible use in food, health, and cosmetic industries.