IMPACT OF SHADOW LENGTH ON THE GROWTH AND DIRECTION PATTERN ON THE DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY AND ENVIROMENT AGROFORESTRY RESEARCH PILOT

Abstract

This study examines the impact of shadow length on the growth and directional patterns of Eucalyptus camaldulensis in the Agroforestry Research Plot of Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto. Stratified random sampling technique was adopted and trees were grouped into three strata based on shadow conditions: long, medium, and short. Key measurements included tree height, diameter at breast height (DBH), crown diameter shadow direction and shadow length. Analysis showed that long shadows foster vertical growth and larger DBH (mean height = 10.63 m, DBH = 41.84 cm) due to reduced light competition, while short shadows encourage balanced growth (mean height = 8.33 m, DBH = 32.63 cm). Medium shadows, however, restricted growth due to intensified competition (mean height = 7.14 m, DBH = 24.01 cm).Directional growth was prominent under medium shadows, where trees adjusted orientation to optimize light capture. These findings highlight the critical role of shadow dynamics in plantation management. Strategic plantation designs that optimize light distribution can enhance productivity and sustainability, offering practical insights into spacing and canopy management for agroforestry systems.This research provides foundational knowledge to improve light resource utilization, boost tree growth, and achieve sustainable forestry practices.